Gynecological surgery encompasses a wide range of procedures aimed at diagnosing and treating various conditions affecting the female reproductive system. These surgeries may involve the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, cervix, and surrounding pelvic organs. Common gynecological surgeries include laparoscopy, which is a minimally invasive procedure to diagnose and treat conditions such as endometriosis, fibroids, ovarian cysts, and pelvic inflammatory disease. Hysterectomy, which involves the removal of the uterus, is another common procedure, performed for conditions like fibroids, cancer, and uterine prolapse. Myomectomy is the surgical removal of fibroids while preserving the uterus, often used in women who want to maintain fertility. Oophorectomy is the removal of one or both ovaries, typically done in cases of ovarian cancer or cysts. Salpingectomy refers to the removal of one or both fallopian tubes, often performed when there is a risk of ectopic pregnancy or infection. Endometrial ablation is a procedure to destroy the uterine lining in cases of heavy menstrual bleeding. Colposcopy and cone biopsy are procedures used for abnormal cervical changes to diagnose or treat precancerous conditions. Pelvic reconstructive surgery may be performed to repair pelvic organ prolapse or urinary incontinence. These surgeries are tailored to the patient’s specific condition and goals, with the primary focus being the preservation of reproductive health, alleviation of symptoms, and improvement of quality of life. With advances in minimally invasive techniques, many of these surgeries can now be performed with smaller incisions, reduced recovery time, and fewer complications.