White discharge, also known as leukorrhea, is a common vaginal symptom experienced by many women. It is typically a normal physiological occurrence that helps maintain vaginal health by cleaning and lubricating the area. However, changes in the nature, color, or smell of the discharge may indicate an underlying infection or medical condition. Normal white discharge is usually clear or milky, odorless or mild-smelling, and varies in amount during the menstrual cycle. When the discharge becomes thick, cottage cheese-like, or has a foul odor, it could signal conditions such as yeast infections, bacterial vaginosis, or sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Management begins with identifying the cause of the discharge, which is typically determined through a pelvic examination, laboratory tests, and sometimes, a culture test to detect infections. For infections, appropriate medications such as antifungal treatments for yeast infections, antibiotics for bacterial infections, or other targeted therapies are prescribed. Practicing good hygiene, wearing breathable cotton underwear, and avoiding irritants like douches or scented products can help prevent and manage the condition. Timely treatment and regular gynecological check-ups are crucial for maintaining vaginal health and preventing complications.

Normal White Discharge (Leukorrhea)

• Clear or milky in color.
• Odorless or mildly scented.
• Changes in amount during the menstrual cycle (increased during ovulation or pregnancy).
• Natural vaginal cleaning and protection.
• Hormonal changes (pregnancy, menstruation).

Abnormal White Discharge (Indicating Infection or Other Conditions)

• Thick, white, cottage cheese-like discharge with itching and irritation.
• Treated with antifungal medications (oral or topical).
• Thin, grayish-white discharge with a fishy odor.
• Treated with antibiotics like metronidazole.